Crowdfunding Syariah Pesantren dan Keberlanjutan UMKM: Tinjauan Hukum Ekonomi Syariah terhadap Instrumen Keuangan Sosial
Keywords:
crowfunding syariah, pesantren, keuangan sosial Islam, UMKMAbstract
Penelitian ini mengkaji crowdfunding syariah berbasis pesantren sebagai instrumen keuangan sosial Islam yang potensial dalam mendukung keberlanjutan Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM), ditinjau dari perspektif hukum ekonomi syariah. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus yang dilaksanakan pada Lembaga Keuangan Pondok Pesantren Nurul Abror Al-Robbaniyin, Banyuwangi, melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan analisis dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa crowdfunding syariah belum diterapkan secara operasional, namun telah berada pada tahap kesiapan konseptual dan sosial, yang ditopang oleh kuatnya modal sosial pesantren, kepercayaan alumni, serta kebutuhan riil pembiayaan UMKM. Dari perspektif hukum ekonomi syariah, crowdfunding syariah berbasis pesantren dapat dinilai sah sepanjang dirancang dengan kejelasan akad syariah (seperti wakālah, muḍārabah, atau musyārakah), memiliki legalitas kelembagaan yang memadai, serta didukung oleh tata kelola dan manajemen risiko yang bertanggung jawab guna menjamin transparansi dan perlindungan dana umat. Penelitian ini juga mengidentifikasi faktor pendukung berupa jejaring sosial pesantren dan komitmen kelembagaan, serta faktor penghambat yang meliputi keterbatasan legalitas, pembiayaan bermasalah, dan belum optimalnya sistem manajemen risiko. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa keberlanjutan crowdfunding syariah pesantren tidak hanya bergantung pada inovasi pembiayaan, tetapi pada integrasi kepatuhan hukum ekonomi syariah, kesiapan institusional, dan tata kelola risiko, sehingga menempatkannya sebagai instrumen normatif dalam hukum ekonomi syariah
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